The term ‘dementia’ describes a collection of symptoms that may include memory loss alongside difficulties in planning, problem solving, communication, language and reasoning, as well as mood or behavioural changes. Dementia is often associated with deterioration in an individual’s ability to carry out daily activities. Note that dementia is not a normal part of ageing, but occurs when the brain is affected by a disease. There are many types of dementia, and the most common will be discussed on the following pages.