Mucopolysaccharide polyphosphate
Mucopolysaccharide polysulphate has a chemical structure similar to heparin. It is claimed to promote fibrinolysis and to break up small blood clots, and also to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative properties. It is also claimed to strengthen weak connective tissue in the anus and rectum. It is included in one product, an ointment, which also contains oxypolyethoxydodecane, which has topical anaesthetic and anti-pruritic properties.

Shark liver oil
Shark liver oil has been used as a source of vitamin A, and both it and cod liver oil have been used as skin protectants.

Yeast cell extract
Yeast cell extract is a water-soluble extract of brewer’s yeast, claimed to be effective in promoting wound healing and tissue repair in haemorrhoids. Tests have been carried out in in vitro and in vivo wound-healing models, and the substance has been found to stimulate oxygen consumption, increase angiogenesis and promote collagen synthesis; however, no evidence exists that it has any effect on haemorrhoids.^1,2