The causes of colic are unknown, but several possible reasons have been suggested, including:
- Abnormal gastrointestinal motility and pain signals from sensitised pathways in the gut viscera2
- Cow's milk allergy or lactose intolerance in some cases3
- An inadequate amount of lactobacilli and an increased concentration of coliform bacteria in the infant gut4
- Food allergies5
- Behavioural issues, such as family tension, parental anxiety or inadequate parent-infant interaction6