There is no single cause of atopic eczema and many factors can play a part. For example, genetics have a role, with research showing that a child whose parents both have atopic eczema has a 60-80 per cent chance of having the condition themselves, and 30-50 per cent being affected if only one parent has eczema. Children whose parents have the condition are also more likely to experience symptoms earlier and to have symptoms that are more severe.

In all cases, identifying, modifying and avoiding triggers can make a significant difference to symptoms:

• Food triggers – most commonly cows’ milk and eggs – are associated with atopic eczema
• Hormonal changes can influence the severity of symptoms. For instance, premenstrual flare-ups occur in 30 per cent of women, with up to 50 per cent noticing a worsening during pregnancy
• Perfumed products such as soaps and bubble baths
• Temperature changes, including particularly hot or cold weather
• Other triggers include stress, and exposure to pets, house dust mites and pollen.