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  1. Oral analgesics can be used to relieve pain. Ibuprofen is popular because of its anti-inflammatory effect, which is particularly useful if there is swelling. However, ibuprofen should not be used in the first 48 hours after the injury because it may delay healing. In addition, oral NSAIDs should not be taken at the same time as topical variants as there is a risk of cumulative side effects. In this case, paracetamol is a better option.
  2. Physiotherapy is a good way of strengthening the surrounding muscles and improving the range of motion of an injured joint, and can speed up the return of normal functioning. Techniques including massage, manipulation and exercises are likely to be involved. Referral to a GP or specialist will be necessary.
  3. Corticosteroid injections may be recommended for severe or persistent inflammation. They can be highly effective, but some people gain only temporary or minimal relief and they can cause side effects. Surgery is sometimes, although rarely, required for more serious injuries, such as torn ligaments.
  4. Supplements for joint health are widely available and some contain glucosamine and/or omega-3 fatty acids. When requesting glucosamine supplements, referral to the pharmacist is necessary for customers with underlying conditions such as diabetes, or those taking other medication, including anti-coagulant therapy. It should also be noted that pregant women must not take any supplements containing vitamin A, including cod liver oil, as too much could harm their baby.
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