Emollients form the basis of eczema management, and a huge array are available, both over the counter and on prescription. But how do they differ?

Plain emollients contain no active ingredients and are the most widely used (e.g. emulsifying ointment, Diprobase).

Urea is included in some products for its softening and hydrating properties, so is particularly useful if the skin is dry and scaling. Examples include Aquadrate, Calmurid and Eucerin Intensive.

Antiseptics (e.g. benzalkonium chloride) are found in products such as Dermol and Oilatum Plus, but are only really recommended if an infection is present or is a frequent problem for the customer.

Lanolin penetrates deep into the skin so is helpful for dry, cracked skin. However, it can cause allergies so is not suitable for everyone. Products containing lanolin include E45 and Oilatum Bath Additive.

Lauromacrogols have a local anaesthetic effect, so can be soothing, but again, reactions can be a problem. Examples include Balneum Plus and E45 Itch Relief.

Personal preference is key with treatment because the correct emollient for someone is the one they will use. This means that branded products are usually prescribed rather than generic, and a person may need to try several products before settling on those that work best for them.