Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the main treatment used for the symptoms of the menopause. 

Over the years, concerns have been raised about a link with breast cancer, but in guidance published at the end of 2015, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) stated that HRT should be offered to most women experiencing menopausal symptoms. However, the benefits (including the fact that it is very effective at relieving night sweats and hot flushes, as well as other symptoms) and risks (side effects include breast tenderness, headaches and vaginal bleeding, plus an increased risk of blood clots and breast cancer in certain groups) should be carefully explained beforehand. 

The right type of HRT should be prescribed €“ a combined oestrogen and progestogen product for women who still have their womb, and an oestrogen-only variety for those who have had a hysterectomy €“ in a formulation (patches, tablets, gel or implant) that suits the individual.

Other drugs that are sometimes used include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), clonidine, testosterone and gabapentin.