Understanding the issue

Vaginal dryness: can affect women of any age, but is more common during and after the menopause. Symptoms include itching, burning and pain inside or around the vagina, as well as pain during sexual intercourse – sometimes with bleeding. In addition, there may be urinary symptoms, such as increased urgency, pain and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Thrush: is a common infection caused by the yeast Candida albicans. If the balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina changes, the yeast can thrive and cause thrush symptoms, such as itching and a thick, white odourless discharge. There may be a stinging feeling when urinating and the skin in the area might be itchy, red and inflamed. Thrush can be more common after a course of antibiotics, in women with diabetes and in pregnant women. Men can also be affected.

Cystitis: is an inflammation of the bladder. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection but can be caused by irritation. Symptoms include needing to urinate frequently, pain and/or stinging when urinating, dark or cloudy urine and feeling generally unwell. It often resolves itself within a few days but causes discomfort.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV): is another common condition that occurs as a result of changes in the balance of bacteria in the vagina. Symptoms include a vaginal discharge that might be thin and watery, grey/white in colour and have a strong fishy smell. However, many women with BV do not have symptoms.