A face covering is not personal protective equipment (PPE), which is why the term “mask” is not usually used within this context. Instead, a face covering is regarded as something that safely covers the nose and mouth, which are the main sources of Covid-19 transmission, and protect others rather than the wearer. Face shields (visors) do not offer the same level of protection.

Both single-use (disposable) and reusable face coverings are available, and there is a move towards the latter due to the environmental impact of single use items. There are no UK standards for face coverings. However, the British Retail Consortium (BRC) has released specifications for disposable and reusable items with relate to the design, labelling, chemical and performance requirements, though not filtration efficiency. There is also a European reference document for anyone looking to make face coverings, both for mass production and domestically.

The home production of face coverings is eminently possible, with instructions available online for all levels of competence. Emerging evidence suggests that the risk of transmission may be reduced if thicker fabric or multiple layers are used, but it is important to ensure the face covering is breathable and comfortable. Children’s items should have ear loops rather than ties. Scarves, bandanas and similar garments are also suitable, as long as they fit snugly around the face, and hygiene measures, such as cleaning hands, not touching the section in contact with the mouth or nose and changing the covering if it becomes damp or is touched, are all adhered to.