Stress is the most common problem to affect anyone’s working life, but it isn’t always a bad thing. The brain is hardwired to go into ‘fight or flight’ mode when it senses danger. It does this by releasing chemicals such as adrenaline and cortisol in order to shut down unnecessary functions such as digestion, give a surge of energy, and boost circulation to the muscles so they are primed to respond as quickly as is needed. 

It is when this response happens frequently or inappropriately that problems can arise, because cortisol levels become elevated for longer. This brings with it an associated rise in blood pressure and glucose in particular. Hence prolonged stress has been linked to a whole host of health issues, including reduced immunity, cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension and stroke, gastrointestinal issues such as ulcers and irritable bowel syndrome, miscarriage, muscle and joint pain, allergies, hair and tooth loss, increased risk of cancer and, of course, mental health problems. 

While some people will show they are stressed in the classic way (see Table 1), it is important to remember that everyone is different and how stress manifests itself can therefore be highly individual. What is fair to say is that, when stress shows itself in a negative way, it is usually tied into that person’s idiosyncrasies: someone who is prone to eczema may therefore experience an exacerbation when stressed, for example, whereas somebody who is naturally quite impatient is likely to become even more intolerant of others.  

Being aware of negative changes – physical, emotional or behavioural – is key, as is keeping
a look-out for any knock-on effects; for example, a deterioration in relationships with colleagues or reduced productivity at work. Such changes will persist – anyone can have an off day now and again. 

Stress is shockingly common. A 2018 Mental Health Foundation poll of over 4,600 people found that nearly three-quarters had felt so stressed during the past year that they had felt unable to cope or overwhelmed.