Adverse effects
Adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs are common and are a major cause of drug withdrawal, which should be done under specialist supervision. They include:
- Drowsiness, lethargy and loss of concentration
- Nightmares, aggression or agitation
- Suicidal thoughts and behaviour
- Headache, visual disturbances and tremor
- Weight gain or loss
- Hair loss
- Gum enlargement or overgrowth
- Skin rashes
- Increased risk of osteoporosis.
Some AEDs are enzyme-inducing (e.g. carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone and topiramate) so care must be taken when prescribing these due to the risk of interactions with other medicines.