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module menu icon What is a food allergy?

A food allergy is a specific immunological response to protein allergens. Allergic reactions can be considered as being mediated by - immunoglobulin E (IgE), cell-mediated mechanisms (non-IgE), or a combination of the two.1,2

Allergic reactions can cause symptoms ranging from mild through to life- threatening. Symptoms of IgE-mediated activity usually start to appear quite soon - "minutes rather than hours" after the person has been exposed to the food.1 IgE- mediated reactions can sometimes involve immediate plus late-phase (prolonged or ongoing) symptoms.3

Immediate onset symptoms can include:1,4

  • Tingling or itching in and around the mouth, throat or ears
  • A raised itchy rash (urticaria or hives)
  • Swelling of the lips, tongue or soft palate, or around the eyes
  • Respiratory problems such as wheezing
  • Gastric pain, upset or vomiting
  • Very rarely, complete collapse due to anaphylactic shock.
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